Source: www.arivista.org/
Isa right?
Written by Luca Carli and Adriano Fragano
the right, the neo-Nazis, etc.. Isa can be? Isa The two signatories of this paper argue no. And explain why.
course was created as the animal rights movement and remains so, but at the same time, goes beyond the narrow limits of animality or bestiality classic, because it believes that the exploitation Animal is not due solely due to an attitude of social behavior more or less common, but a question of system, that is a structured organization that generates and is in turn supported by the ideology of domination.
This lack of a clear identity inevitably leads to a number of issues of identity, both "internal" (there is some confusion among those who - at least in words - you profess Isa) and "external" (ie how the movement is perceived by the company).
The lack of unity in practical initiatives (ie strategic and tactical), it is also having to a cultural isolation, social and political difficulties due in part to a fruitful dialogue even with other potential carriers of partially overlapping claims.
As if that was not already a source of much concern at this time must be added a growing interest in the animal question from some quarters of the right (more or less extreme), which entails the risk of further fracture with others antisystemic movements.
The silence of the left
The parliamentary group of the Future and Freedom, for example, devoted an entire issue of its bimonthly magazine 4 "Charta Minuta" the animal question. The leitmotif of the transversality of the animal rights struggle is evident from the first page: in his editoriale di introduzione alla suddetta monografia intitolata “Dalla parte degli animali”, Adolfo Urso infatti scrive che è necessario sfatare il «luogo comune secondo il quale la protezione e la tutela degli animali siano appannaggio della sinistra … Non esistono temi di destra o di sinistra ma soluzioni e proposte che si adeguano nello spazio e nel tempo e che danno risposte alle esigenze che maturano» (1).
Lo scopo? Quello di indurre gli ingenui lettori a considerare la questione animale come un problema apolitico, salvo poi sottolineare la grande attenzione che la destra dimostra al riguardo al fine di attirarne le simpatie (e quindi i consensi ed infine i voti).
Ancora più a destra di Futuro e Libertà si sono formed neo-fascist groups that combine anti-capitalist message to a claim against animal exploitation and propaganda of veganism, so far as to define Isa, or as they say "anti-spy."
A superficial reading of this phenomenon by certain realities of the animal rights movement could lead to the conclusion that this is not only there is nothing wrong, but that the greater cross-fertilization because of the animal, the greater the force that the movement able to express in favor of the Animals.
In fact, the discussion is more complicated and involves the movement that Isa has to question how it is possible that groups ideologically linked to conservative ideas, or even fascist or neo-Nazi could declare Isa. Or rather, they define this Isa is conceptually possible or not?
articulate an answer to these questions is complex, not so much for the answer in itself that is without any shadow of doubt "no, there can be no right of Isa," but because to reach this conclusion one must go beyond the superficial interpretation that is often given to the concept of Isa, which leads to ensure that the explanation often given is at least questionable. In fact, Singer
"The speciesism ... is a prejudice or attitude of prevention in favor of members' interests of their own species and against those of members of other species' (2). Singer demonstrates that each moral argument (rationality, language, being moral agents, self-consciousness, soul, etc..) Introduced to justify the different treatment solely for the animals may eventually be reduced to mere membership in the humans is the use of the marginal case of human beings and the reporting of a double moral standard (a valid one for the Humans and Animals) launched a challenge to philosophical classic.
This provocation has been accepted by some who have said that marginal humans is due full moral respect because they are human, that members of our species. Pressed on why the membership of species is a morally relevant fact, the inability to provide an answer for them is no concern. This is speciesism as we have learned from Singer. It is no doubt from this reflection that has begun to speak of speciesism. Starting from this perspective, the work of Singer is limited to (re) develop an ethical theory that comes to include some non-human animal in the circle of individuals who are due moral consideration, he does not process any new "value" but denounces contradiction that characterizes our society when he refuses to extend its values \u200b\u200bto the non-human animals.
Isa, racism, sexismSuch are the consequences that reach even the American philosopher Tom Regan, while criticizing the arguments of Singer, he formulates a theory of moral rights that requires a simple enlargement, in his case, the litigants. Neither questions the structure of Western society today, this is the real main limitation of their work. Their reflections are limited in time and space because, in addition to accepting the premises of Western metaphysics, never put into question the social structure, economic and political results. The proposal, from both theoretical and practical point of view, is not a serious criticism to modern human society. The relationship
values \u200b\u200band society, necessarily two-way relationship, they consider only one aspect of human society as if it were not simply the product of the values \u200b\u200bconveyed (3). And it is always within this horizon that Singer, having defined speciesism, he said the analogy (4) with other forms of interspecific discrimination such as racism and sexism. Singer does not explain what kind of relationship existing between speciesism, racism and sexism, the only similarity is found that for both the racism and sexism, speciesism as two individuals who otherwise do not differ in morally relevant aspects can be treated differentiated because of their race, their sex or species. From this point of view that the outlook is similar. Here
stops analyzing Singer ( 5) and here, unfortunately, stopped even the reflection of many animal rights activists.
Actually if Isa was limited to denounce the arbitrary suffering the animals because of their belonging to a species other than human, that is discrimination based solely on biological grounds, that is not sufficient, for example, to exclude the possibility of an Isa right. You could be right Isa (ie racist and sexist) without falling into contradiction with the definition above.
What is lacking, in fact, is still a step consists of analysis of the second part of the aforementioned correspondence between values \u200b\u200band society. In other words, speciesism is not just an idea, something theoretical, but also a practice. To understand how this practice is born and has evolved it is necessary to carry out historical research in order to understand the real conditions in which this discrimination has grown, that is really how the form taken by our social structure has influenced the thinking speciesist .
insights of Singer and Regan therefore require having to enter the world of ideas to reality, and doing so allows us to understand quali sono tutte quelle barriere il cui abbattimento costituisce la conditio sine qua non affinché tale trasposizione possa avvenire.
Alcuni ritengono che tale passaggio sia qualcosa di indebito, di strumentale; l’accusa mossa è quella di utilizzare la lotta antispecista per “fini politici” finendo così per mettere in secondo piano l’importanza della questione animale.
Differenze fittizie e irrilevantiÈ doveroso ammettere, in effetti, che questo pericolo esiste, ma non per questo tale analisi deve essere elusa, pena l’incapacità di comprendere appieno il fenomeno di cui stiamo parlando: non è pertanto qualcosa di indebito, bensì di necessario. And that is not a force it can be seen, for example, by comparing with racism.
Racism is nothing more than "the preconceived belief that the human species is subdivided into biologically distinct races characterized by different physical features and different intellectual capacities, and the resulting idea that you can determine a hierarchy of values \u200b\u200bthat a particular race can be defined as "above" or "inferior" to another "(6).
This brief description shows us how impressive the similarities (historical and cultural) between racism and speciesism: both are forms of discrimination based on fictitious and irrelevant differences (biological first, then gradually declined in a more refined way), designed to preserve certain advantages by those who profess to have a similar cultural justificationism a systematic practice of exploitation of those being considered hierarchically "lower".
It is clear that only the study of history that can be learned such as those theorized by Singer similarities only at the cultural level have occurred in reality, making that practice functional operation of the company.
But Isa goes beyond anti-racism. It goes beyond not because it represents a more general concept, or because for the first time that the subject does not coincide with the subject free free (7), but because we "forced" to question the origin of all forms of discrimination, analysis that covers both the cultural and the historical aspect of practice, ie how effectively they have developed the first company organized in hierarchical sense. Finally, it is over because it introduces the animals in our reflection. And this is crucial for at least two reasons.
First, because the concepts of humans and animals are inextricably linked because they circumscribe and define each other, because despite the enormous efforts made by our species to free themselves from their origins, and we remain animals.
Second, because studying how it happened storicamente la scissione ontologica Umano-Animale, si scopre come essa sia il risultato di un processo che è durato millenni; l’Uomo, infatti, non si è percepito da sempre come superiore agli altri Animali (o, per lo meno, non più di quanto non lo si sentisse nei confronti degli altri esseri umani non appartenenti alla propria tribù). È solo con il passaggio dalla vita nomade a quella stanziale, unitamente ad altri aspetti di carattere spirituale-religioso, che si sono formate le prime società organizzate. È per esercitare il proprio dominio sulla terra che alcuni uomini hanno iniziato a schiavizzare altri Umani e alcuni Animali.
Lo sfruttamento della natura, degli Animali e di alcuni Umani è un qualcosa che non can be neither separated nor divided in chronological order, weaving instead a sort of vicious circle.
Slavery, exploitation of peoples and species, genocide, denigration of women, they hold all the same crazy idea of \u200b\u200bdomination. A desire to dominate which is, however, from age to age, masked and justified on moral and cultural heritage through the development of an ideology that depends on the needs and concerns of the masses of the moment. This
we can push to see that the path of man is full of episodes that led him to become the tyrant and we all know that the power relationship between our species and the other is varied in time to the benefit of the first and above all thanks to scientific and technological discoveries that have - along with religion - contributed to the elevation of the Human beyond the threshold of naturalness.
is honest to admit that what we are comes from a part of us, our whole being, and that science, technology and religion have functioned as a buffer causing the immense expansion of our ego that has dominated everything. On the other hand it is quite clear that we are not "only" this, but much more and, consequently, we can really rethought and reinvented, also rethinking and reinventing our company.
The Isa is not only a claims for extension of moral consideration or rights to a greater number of subjects as a real form of liberation from all forms of domination. Without revisiting the very foundations of our life in common, our social and economic organization, this will never happen. It is the very structure of society based on discrimination, economic exploitation, the role of repression and state control that must be questioned. The
Isa was born as a movement whose goal is animal liberation. In order that this objective can be achieved it is necessary to break down those cultural barriers that prevent materials and the principles of equality, fairness and respect, which is a carrier, to be able to spread freely. But because these are the same barriers that still allow the continuation of the exploitation of the Human on the human, that's their destruction will, together with the liberation of animals, including that of real humans.
Attempts clearanceis why animal liberation and human liberation are the same, that is why the slogan is most cited by Isa "Animal Liberation, Human Liberation.
Non possiamo che concordare proprio per il semplice fatto che l’antispecismo è portatore di istanze di liberazione ed emancipazione dalla società del dominio (su Umani ed Animali) in cui viviamo e come tale rappresenta certamente una volontà di discontinuità con il passato e con lo status quo. Per contro, la destra e il fascismo sono chiaramente espressione di protection of continuity and tradition, protection as a result to be achieved mainly through the opposition to individual and collective freedoms. It is also why there can not in any way an Isa right: this would be an oxymoron.
Yet attempts to clearance of a right and even animal Isa and there are more and more. Everything is done surreptitiously and by means of a smokescreen that surrounds and confuses ideas, a sort of haze that flattens and levels not allowing clearer identification, but causing an incredible and absurd mingling of ideas, principles and intentions. At a time when the right honor figures like Che Guevara, its fringe “animaliste” dedicano fotografie e spazi in memoria di Barry Horne ( 9 ) spingendosi ad adottare, a volte, anche la stessa simbologia: le due bandiere sovrapposte, una verde e l’altra nera che, seppur con alcune modifiche, ricalcano i simboli dell’azione antispecista di matrice anarchica.
Se a tutto questo si aggiunge poi anche l’altro punto di contatto costituito dall’azione anticapitalista che pare essere speculare e sicuramente condivisa sia dall’estrema destra che dall’estrema sinistra, risulta inevitabilmente facile confondere i messaggi ricorrendo al consueto gioco dell’apoliticità che sempre più si è consolidato sin dalla caduta delle contrapposizioni ideologiche the twentieth century. Behind this lies the alleged apolitical, in fact, the subtle desire not to lay down principles useful in clarifying possible to distinguish and identify trends authoritarian, xenophobic, racist and fascist. The apolitical and versatility
used as a synonym for universality of the animal rights message is then used to remove all criticism and opposition to any groups or factions array authoritarian. There is no doubt that within the animal there is a certain ignorance, mixed with misinformation and disillusionment, it prevents a proper evaluation of the different animals in the area.
The concept that whatever is useful to save the Animals has caused more harm than good: in the name of the action immediately and now, without a necessary theoretical development, and particularly without a strategy without a clear shared purpose, the concept has resulted in the formation of a generation of activists do not have all of analytical tools and critical knowledge, so that nowadays seems to be apolitical declare a title of respect, a statement of alienation from all that is rotten and corrupt, a new sort of virginity. The reality is far more bitter, because it almost always is confused with political party system while you forget - or even ignored - that political activity is the foundation for all activities that affect the company really intends to trigger the change. What you can do to prevent this deviation?
Urge clearly the spread of a new awareness of the definition of principles and models that can help activists, groups and associations to embark on a journey together - even with distinctions and differences - really revolutionary. The lack of theoretical elaboration and adoption guilty uncritical and unaware of the only vegan practices, has created the situation we are facing. What we can not allow is that the message can be libertarian and radical dell'antispecismo reborn annihilated and absorbed by authoritarian forces, avoiding while selling off the hard-won autonomy Isa.
Notes 1. Adolfo Urso, Avatar right, in Charta Minuta No 4, 2010, p.. 0.
2. Peter Singer, Animal Liberation , Basic Books, Milano 2003, p.. 22.
3. The history of speciesism outlined by Singer in Chapter V of Animal Liberation , cit., Suffers the same setting: his story is "ideal" in that it concerns only the views that some philosophers had no pets of any way to investigate whether the same were not in fact influenced by the type of society in which they lived.
4. "The racist violates the principle of equality by giving greater weight to the interests of the members of his race if there is a conflict between the interests of the latter and those of members of another race. The sexist violates the principle of equality by favoring the interests of their sex. Similarly, the speciesist allows the interests of its species prevail over interests of members of other species. The pattern is the same in each case, "Peter Singer, ibid , p.. 24. Singer merely points out the similarity between the different forms of discrimination because of this, on the one hand, is sufficient for its purposes while the other is the maximum speed at which can be reached on the basis of its considerations.
5. There is talk of Singer as the first exponent of this form of Isa, Marco Maurizi has aptly called Isa metaphysical. Marco Maurizi, What is Isa , http://www.liberazioni.org/articoli/MauriziM-06.htm .
6. Source wikipedia.
7. Such a view is wrong because you forget that Man is an animal so the animal liberation as regards the subject to be released.
8. RAI Educational - Multimedia Encyclopedia of Philosophical Sciences, Cricket (05/12/1997). Marcello Veneziani: values \u200b\u200bin the culture of the Right , http://www.emsf.rai.it/grillo/trasmissioni.asp?d=33 .
9. http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Horne .
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